China: Hangzhou Bay Wetland Center, Cixi, Ningbo

Head south from Shanghai and you'll hit Hangzhou Bay; following the water inland along the Qiantang River leads, aptly, to the city of Hangzhou.  In the past, a trip from Shanghai to Ningbo (nearly due south, just across Hangzhou Bay) required driving southwest -- nearly to Hangzhou -- to cross a bridge, and then tacking back southeast toward the coast.  Then, in May 2008, the Hangzhou Bay Bridge (hángzhōu wān dàqiáo, 杭州湾大桥) opened to the public.  This bridge is 22 miles long (one of the longest trans-oceanic bridges in the world!), and cut the driving time from Shanghai to Ningbo by two to three hours, providing a much more direct route across the water.  Built in an area known for some of the highest tidal forces on the planet, extremely strong winds during typhoon season, and earthquakes, the bridge is a feat of Chinese engineering.  It spent 10 years under design and 4 years under construction.  The toll to cross is 80 RMB (not quite $13 USD).

Crossing the bridge lands you in Zhejiang province.  At this point, my geography (or, rather, my understanding of Chinese geographical classifications) gets a bit hazy.  You're in the city of Cixi (cíxī, 慈溪), which is located in the sub-provincial city of Ningbo (níngbō, 宁波).  It's about a one hour drive from there to Ningbo (proper?). 

Cixi has an incomprehensibly long history (at least from a short American perspective), leading back to the State of Yue in the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou Dynasty (770BC - 476BC); Ningbo has an even longer history, dating to Hemudu culture in 4800 BC (no, I didn't accidentally add an extra zero).  We stopped in Cixi for several hours to check out the Hangzhou Bay Wetland Park.

Hangzhou Bay Wetland Park has a three-fold aim: environmental preservation, environmental education, and waste water management. Its creation was supported by the Global Environment Fund and World Bank.  The 330 hectare area features different wetland habitats, with walking paths, boat tours, and educational centers.  It is, impressively, largely man-made on reclaimed coastal land.  The wetland is a hotspot for migratory birds in the winter.  It's role in the purification of waste water -- not obvious except for the explanatory signs -- helps provide clean water to the residents of Cixi and Ningbo.  To quote the World Bank:

"The constructed wetlands at both wastewater plants in Cixi City enhanced the final effluent quality to Class IA standards, demonstrating the feasibility of using constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment at lower costs. Municipal leaders from around China have visited the site to learn from this experience and are adopting the approach in new projects."

The sign reads:

"Nenuphar Lake is one of the Ten Scenic Spots in the Wetland.  It lies in the Engineering Wetland, which is characterized by the purification of sewage through the wetland's flora ecological system.  The sewage purifier has the shape of the Chinese character for kidney, which implies "kidney in nature".  The chief plants for the purification work are nenuphar, cattail, thalia dealbata, and so on and so forth.  When the flowers of the plants are in full bloom, the lake is as smooth as a mirror.  Enchanting flowers in the mirror constitute a rare and glamorous splendor of characteristic plants in wetland."

Living in China, in the mega-cities that dominate the east coast, it's rare to have experiences to connect with nature in daily life.  Big, open spaces are quickly paved over, replacing flowers and trees with apartment complexes and industrial parks at an alarming rate.  We joke that the only big, open areas for people to gather are inside shopping malls -- a trend supported both by development* and by a desire to limit open areas where people could gather and protest.  It's heartening, then, to see the undertaking of such a huge project in the other direction, reclaiming the wetland environment before it disappears entirely.

Her first outing in China!

 * China covers roughly the same land mass as the US, and is home to more than four times as many people (roughly 1.4 billion vs 330 million).  They all need to live somewhere and work somewhere; the growth and development of the cities and manufacturing sector in China since 1981 has lifted more than 600 million people out of extreme poverty, bringing forth the largest growth of the middle class in history.  That middle class is now growing increasingly, vocally concerned about environmental issues.  It'll be interesting to watch the Chinese government try to balance the needs of the economy with the needs of the environment and the demands of the people.